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Filtration System Terms

Apex – The outlet located at the bottom of a cyclone.
 
Centrifugation – The use of rotational forces to separate liquids and solids.
 
Coagulation – The neutralization of the electrical charges on fine particles in water using chemicals called coagulants. The coagulants cause the particles to clump together, and the clumps are then skimmed or drained off or filtered from the water.
 
Collecting Efficiency – The capability of a device to capture and retain particles.
 
Decantation – Removing the top layer of a fluid after the heavier material, which can be either a solid or a denser liquid, has settled.
 
Demineralization – The act of removing dissolved mineral salts from water.
 
Dense Membrane – A non-porous membrane.
 
Effluent – The treated substance that emerges from the filtration system.
 
Fluid – Any liquid, gaseous or vapor substance.
 
Flux – The amount or volume of a substance passing through a given unit of a membrane or filter in a given amount of time.
 
Fouling – The clogging of membrane filters due to the buildup of particles on the membrane and in the membrane pores.
 
Homogeneous Membrane – A membrane in which the properties remain the same throughout the substance.
 
Influent – The substance that enters the filtration system to be filtered.
 
Membrane – A film structure, having a thickness greater than its lateral measurements, through which substances flow as the chemical separation of substance particles occurs.
 
Osmosis – The process of passing a fluid through a membrane to increase fluid concentration.
 
Osmotic Pressure – The superficial hydrostatic pressure on a semi-permeable membrane caused by osmosis.
 
Overflow – The stream of fluid that leaves the cyclone through the vortex finder.
 
Permeability – The ability of a fluid substance to pass through a material. Filters have varying degrees of permeability that allow substances of different sizes to pass through them.
 
Potable Water – A unit of water containing fewer than 500 parts per million (ppm) that is suitable for drinking.
 
Ppm (Parts per Million) – Unit of measurement indicating one part per every million parts of air, water, etc.
 
Slurry – A liquid containing suspended solids.
 
Strainer – Filtration mechanism for the removal of coarse particles from liquid substances. Strainers usually function as an initial filtration method used prior to other filters that remove smaller particles.
 
Vortex Finder – The outlet at the top of the cyclone through which overflow exits.